Before the 20th century the average life expectancy for a man was 37-39 years old. This was due to the elimination of death from infectious diseases. Dramatic changes began in the 18th century, with life expectancy increasing to 41 .By the early 20th Century it was 50 years old. During the 18th Century death rates decreased because of discoveries like Edwin Chadwick and his public health act. By finding the cause of Cholera which was dirty water people acted and there were cleaner water supply. And the growth of wealth, based on trade and industry created the money to spend on medical research and public health. Development in technology led to medical machines such as the X-ray. This allowed doctors and surgeons to see inside their patients.
Between the 19th century and the 18th century the average life expectancy was 37-39. As the years went this increased because there were big medical improvements, and the discovery of vaccination helped cure and prevent killer diseases like smallpox. Medical technology had increases there new equipments like the X-ray this led to the understanding of atoms and the splitting of the nucleus of the atom., the invention of microscopes helped scientist learn more about germs and micro-organisms. All of these thing helped the average life expectancy increase because with a new understanding of medicine people were healthier and lived longer. But one thing that made the average life expectancy decrease was war. Millions of people died each day. But as the war ended it increased again.
Cramped houses caused people to catch diseases easily In 1890 the Housing Act was made. It made sure local councils to provide decent accommodation for local people. Things gradually improved, but conditions remained bad until the 20th century. By 1911 a Public Health Act enforced to build new houses that were spacious but after a while they became cramped again and a provision of sewers and clean water, and the removal of rubbish and dirt. When a house was crowded people caught infectious diseases easily and died quicker. Poor people usually lived in these type of conditions.
In 1952 London suffered a terrible smog which was a kind of air pollution caused by large amounts of coal being burnt. Chance weather conditions caused dense, smoke polluted . In 1952 4000 people died of respiration illness making it the worst health disaster. So by 1952 the life expectancy for an average person decreased. But by 1971 smoke pollution reduced by 65% due to the drastic actions of the government.
With the outbreak of the second world war in 1939 the government knew there had to be effective medical service to cope with the large numbers of deaths. So the government came up with the NHS. This allowed people to get medically treated without paying. This increased the life span because people were now able to get treated without paying as for before they had to pay and most people couldn’t afford it and died.
In conclusion I think all of theses factors have helped increase life expectancy because without spacious houses people will catch diseases easily and more people will die. And with air pollution people wouldn’t have all the oxygen the need and will cause weathering and the world will come to an end. The NHS has really helped us a lot because not all people can afford medical treatment and will help people live longer.
Monday, 7 July 2008
Friday, 4 July 2008
Joe
The twentieth century was a time of many different medical discoveries. In 1919 a new housing act was passed, required local authorities to provide good homes for all working-class people in their area. During the first four years the Government promised to help fund these schemes. In the 1930’s 700,000 new homes built by local authorities, large housing estates were built away from the city. In the 1930’s local authorities claimed to have re housed 80% of the slum dwellers.
The life expectancy at the start of the twentieth century was at 45 years old for a male and 50 for a female. Now at the start of the twentieth century it is at 75 for a male and 80 for a female. This shows that our life expectancy has gone up by 30 years in the last century.
Pollution is very bad for the environment but also bad for our health. In the early twentieth century know one knew that pollution could be very dangerous for there health. Now in the twenty first century we do know that pollution is bad for our health, so we try to keep as far away as possible from the dangerous gasses in the air. This improves our life span because our bodies don’t have to coupe with the harmful gasses we breathe into our lungs.
The NHS (National Health Service) has helped improve the people in Britain’s life span because if you were in a bad accident and you were dieing of loose of blood the NHS will replace the blood you are loosing with donated blood. Also if you are in need of an organ they will do what they can to replace it with a donated one. This helps improve people in Britain’s life span because less people die of loos of blood or organ failer.
The life expectancy at the start of the twentieth century was at 45 years old for a male and 50 for a female. Now at the start of the twentieth century it is at 75 for a male and 80 for a female. This shows that our life expectancy has gone up by 30 years in the last century.
Pollution is very bad for the environment but also bad for our health. In the early twentieth century know one knew that pollution could be very dangerous for there health. Now in the twenty first century we do know that pollution is bad for our health, so we try to keep as far away as possible from the dangerous gasses in the air. This improves our life span because our bodies don’t have to coupe with the harmful gasses we breathe into our lungs.
The NHS (National Health Service) has helped improve the people in Britain’s life span because if you were in a bad accident and you were dieing of loose of blood the NHS will replace the blood you are loosing with donated blood. Also if you are in need of an organ they will do what they can to replace it with a donated one. This helps improve people in Britain’s life span because less people die of loos of blood or organ failer.
Waqar
"Using examples from housing, pollution, and the NHS, explain how Britain improved the life span of the population over the 20th century."
In the twentieth century there were many medical discoveries. In the twentieth century the life expectancy was going up because they had better-conditioned houses and the National Health Service was invented.
The life expectancy in the twentieth century was 50 years for male and 45 for female, today the life is 75 for male and 80 for female. This was because the state of living in the twentieth century grew rapidly because of the government and the live style people lived.
The state of the houses changed because during the world war two, the government thought the heroes should deserve to get proper good houses. This was because they went to war and the people thought it was a good idea to give them good houses, this also made people go to the hospital less time because they had a longer life span and the environment that they were living was more cleaner.
The air that people breathed in made the life expectancy to expand because the government closed down more factories so they could not pollute the air. This made life expectancy to expand because people had cleaner air to breathe in.
Also the NHS (National Health Service) made the life expectancy to expand because they had cleaner hospitals, free transportation to the hospitals, compulsory vaccination and the doctors would treat anyone even if they have no money. This is a good thing because poor people can get a fare health service so their life span can go higher.
Overall I think that the most important things that the government have done to expand the life span is that they found out cures for diseases, and they found out to prevent the disease. All that could not have been done without DNA and X-ray.
In the twentieth century there were many medical discoveries. In the twentieth century the life expectancy was going up because they had better-conditioned houses and the National Health Service was invented.
The life expectancy in the twentieth century was 50 years for male and 45 for female, today the life is 75 for male and 80 for female. This was because the state of living in the twentieth century grew rapidly because of the government and the live style people lived.
The state of the houses changed because during the world war two, the government thought the heroes should deserve to get proper good houses. This was because they went to war and the people thought it was a good idea to give them good houses, this also made people go to the hospital less time because they had a longer life span and the environment that they were living was more cleaner.
The air that people breathed in made the life expectancy to expand because the government closed down more factories so they could not pollute the air. This made life expectancy to expand because people had cleaner air to breathe in.
Also the NHS (National Health Service) made the life expectancy to expand because they had cleaner hospitals, free transportation to the hospitals, compulsory vaccination and the doctors would treat anyone even if they have no money. This is a good thing because poor people can get a fare health service so their life span can go higher.
Overall I think that the most important things that the government have done to expand the life span is that they found out cures for diseases, and they found out to prevent the disease. All that could not have been done without DNA and X-ray.
Thursday, 3 July 2008
Kajal
The Twentieth century was a time with many discoveries.
The twentieth century changed the life span in 2011 was 75 for women and for men it was 90. In 2001 the life expectancy was 80 for women the life expectancy has really increased. In 1918 boys could expect to live until they were 44 and girls until they were 50 increased the most during the twentieth century.
New houses increased lifespan because more people were being treated in hospital and getting permission to buy new homes so it has increased. The British government had asked working men to lay down their lives in the First World War. The government pledged it would do something decisive about the housing problem to ensure that after the war soldiers came back to homes fit for heroes the government changed his plan.
Cleaner air has increased life expectancy by the government changing the air quality. In the twentieth century air quality in many industrial cities was still appalling the air pollution such as pottery factories had destroyed the air pollution.
Nhs has made people live longer and increased in the twentieth century by new ambulances, vaccination, health centres, family doctors, medicine for the sick, dentist, blood transfusion, specialists and hospitals. One of the main reasons why are now living longer is the government discovered x-ray machine’s and Dna scans.
Nhs also controls medical training and research e.g. maternity and child welfare, health visiting for the ill people, reaching hospitals for emergency’s and medical hospitals.
Overall I think the government has used new science technology, x-ray vision, Dna, improvements being made in medical health, communications and attitudes to improving on medical health.
The twentieth century changed the life span in 2011 was 75 for women and for men it was 90. In 2001 the life expectancy was 80 for women the life expectancy has really increased. In 1918 boys could expect to live until they were 44 and girls until they were 50 increased the most during the twentieth century.
New houses increased lifespan because more people were being treated in hospital and getting permission to buy new homes so it has increased. The British government had asked working men to lay down their lives in the First World War. The government pledged it would do something decisive about the housing problem to ensure that after the war soldiers came back to homes fit for heroes the government changed his plan.
Cleaner air has increased life expectancy by the government changing the air quality. In the twentieth century air quality in many industrial cities was still appalling the air pollution such as pottery factories had destroyed the air pollution.
Nhs has made people live longer and increased in the twentieth century by new ambulances, vaccination, health centres, family doctors, medicine for the sick, dentist, blood transfusion, specialists and hospitals. One of the main reasons why are now living longer is the government discovered x-ray machine’s and Dna scans.
Nhs also controls medical training and research e.g. maternity and child welfare, health visiting for the ill people, reaching hospitals for emergency’s and medical hospitals.
Overall I think the government has used new science technology, x-ray vision, Dna, improvements being made in medical health, communications and attitudes to improving on medical health.
Wednesday, 2 July 2008
Own Learning
If you have not already, complete your essay and email it to Miss Ritchie ritchiek@saintgeorgescofe.kent.sch.uk
Read two essays of your peers and leave a comment under their post (essay) saying: What went well in their essay; what grade it is and why; and finally, what can be done to improve the grade?
Essays must be sent to me by: Friday and you must comment on two other essays over the weekend so we can look together Monday.
Read two essays of your peers and leave a comment under their post (essay) saying: What went well in their essay; what grade it is and why; and finally, what can be done to improve the grade?
Essays must be sent to me by: Friday and you must comment on two other essays over the weekend so we can look together Monday.
Your learning activity
You will be answering the following essay question:
"Using examples from housing, pollution, and the NHS, explain how Britain improved the life span of the population over the 20th century."
- Use pages162-167
- You will have to use the internet to research certain things like life spans this century and queries from the reading
- Refer to your SMART targets in your learning portfolios (I need to see you achieve these)
- Refer to the mark scheme
"Using examples from housing, pollution, and the NHS, explain how Britain improved the life span of the population over the 20th century."
- Use pages162-167
- You will have to use the internet to research certain things like life spans this century and queries from the reading
- Refer to your SMART targets in your learning portfolios (I need to see you achieve these)
- Refer to the mark scheme
My Answer:
Public Health was a new concept in 19th century Britain. Not since the Romans had been here had there been government-pushed structure and legislation to how Britons lived their lives. It is no surprise that the government had to become more involved in Public Health in the 19th century as the Industrial Revolution had created a situation where towns and cities were crowded and dirty - leaving people to suffer and die from preventable diseases like cholera. In addition to this, sicientif knowledge was advancing and new discoveries like Jenner's vaccination; Pasteur's germ theory; and Koch's linking of germs to disease all gave grounds for people to push for government actions in the health of the British Public. Nineteenth century Britain did not play a large part in Public Health until the later part of the century and each step they took was protested by many.
Notice how I have set the scene and briefly mentioned many topics I will discuss and then ended with my answer that I will be proving over the next few paragraphs.
The early ninteenth century the government attitude was Laissez-Faire, the leave them to it philosophy. Politicians simply did not believe that it was their job to invest in Public Health, they thought that problems were caused by laziness rather than surroundings. It was not until Pasteur's theory of germs and then Koch's work linking germ to disease was there proof of how people got sick. I have spoken about attitudes
Public Health provision is expensive. Deciding who pays for things can take a long time, as was the case when Health Boards were established. Ordinary people did not have the vote at the beinging of the 19th century. Rich people tended not to be as affected by epidemics, therefore it was not a priority for them. As the right to vote was extended more pressure could be put on government to intervene and make changes in Public Health. Cost and power
It was only as the era of the Industrial Revolution became more advnaced in terms of scientitfic knowledge that people began to really understand what the true cause of epidemics were. Without this understanding there's a wide range of beliegs about what has caused the spread of disease - and thus a wide range of opinions about what should be done. scientific discoveries
In the 1830s a civil servant called Edwin Chadwick was employed to report on the living conditions and health of the poor of the country. Chadwick's report concluded that much poverty was caused by poor health caused by the foul conditions in which people lived. He said in his Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population in 1842 that "...the most important measures and most practical are drainage, the removal of all refuse from streets and the roads, and the improvement of the supplies of water". Source based evidence to show how changes began to take place
From the mid 19th century onward Britain saw many laws passed to improve Public Health. Although there was much opposition. Despite the improvements, when Charles Booth investigated the East End of Londond in 1889 he found many people livin in appalling conditions of poverty and ill health. From 1881 Infant Mortality actually started to go up again after a decade of progress. I have shown a balanced answer - there is another point of view...
In conclusion, because of scientific developments, statistics, cholera epidemics, new voters, the weakening of laissez-faire, improvements in education and certain cities leading the way, the health of Britain generally improved as a result of the governments increase involvement in Public Health in the later part of the 19th century. However, improvements continue today to eradicate disease and to make sure every child, man and woman in Britain leads a healthy life.
I summarised what I said previously and concluded with a balanced statement.
Notice how I have set the scene and briefly mentioned many topics I will discuss and then ended with my answer that I will be proving over the next few paragraphs.
The early ninteenth century the government attitude was Laissez-Faire, the leave them to it philosophy. Politicians simply did not believe that it was their job to invest in Public Health, they thought that problems were caused by laziness rather than surroundings. It was not until Pasteur's theory of germs and then Koch's work linking germ to disease was there proof of how people got sick. I have spoken about attitudes
Public Health provision is expensive. Deciding who pays for things can take a long time, as was the case when Health Boards were established. Ordinary people did not have the vote at the beinging of the 19th century. Rich people tended not to be as affected by epidemics, therefore it was not a priority for them. As the right to vote was extended more pressure could be put on government to intervene and make changes in Public Health. Cost and power
It was only as the era of the Industrial Revolution became more advnaced in terms of scientitfic knowledge that people began to really understand what the true cause of epidemics were. Without this understanding there's a wide range of beliegs about what has caused the spread of disease - and thus a wide range of opinions about what should be done. scientific discoveries
In the 1830s a civil servant called Edwin Chadwick was employed to report on the living conditions and health of the poor of the country. Chadwick's report concluded that much poverty was caused by poor health caused by the foul conditions in which people lived. He said in his Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population in 1842 that "...the most important measures and most practical are drainage, the removal of all refuse from streets and the roads, and the improvement of the supplies of water". Source based evidence to show how changes began to take place
From the mid 19th century onward Britain saw many laws passed to improve Public Health. Although there was much opposition. Despite the improvements, when Charles Booth investigated the East End of Londond in 1889 he found many people livin in appalling conditions of poverty and ill health. From 1881 Infant Mortality actually started to go up again after a decade of progress. I have shown a balanced answer - there is another point of view...
In conclusion, because of scientific developments, statistics, cholera epidemics, new voters, the weakening of laissez-faire, improvements in education and certain cities leading the way, the health of Britain generally improved as a result of the governments increase involvement in Public Health in the later part of the 19th century. However, improvements continue today to eradicate disease and to make sure every child, man and woman in Britain leads a healthy life.
I summarised what I said previously and concluded with a balanced statement.
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